Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form
The MMPI-2-RF, published in 2008, is a 338–item self-report measure linked conceptually and empirically to modern theories and models of psychopathology and personality.
TEST AUTHORS: Yossef Ben-Porath, Ph.D., and Auke Tellegen, Ph.D.
PUBLISHER: University of Minnesota Press
DISTRIBUTOR: Pearson Assessments
DATE OF PUBLICATION: 2008
Administration: Computer, CD, or paper-and-pencil
Length: 338 True-False items
Administration Time: 35-50 minutes
Minimum Reading Level: 5th grade (Lexile average), 4.5 grade (Flesch-Kincaid)
Age: 18 years and older
Norm Group: The MMPI-2-RF normative sample is drawn from the MMPI-2 normative sample and consists of 2, 276 men and women between the ages of 18 and 80 from several regions and diverse communities in the U.S. The MMPI-2-RF T scores are non-gendered and non-K-corrected. No new norms were collected for the MMPI-2-RF.
The 338-item MMPI-2-RF consists of 51 scales:
Validity Indicators
Higher-Order (H-O) Scales
Somatic/Cognitive Scales
Internalizing Scales
Externalizing Scales
Interpersonal Scales
Interest Scales
Validity Indicators
CNS – Cannot Say
VRIN-r – Variable Response Inconsistency
TRIN-r – True Response Inconsistency
F-r – Infrequent Responses
Fp-r – Infrequent Psychopathology Responses
Fs – Infrequent Somatic Responses
FBS-r – Symptom Validity
RBS – Response Bias
L-r – Uncommon Virtues
K-r – Adjustment Validity
Higher-Order (H-O) Scales
EID – Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction
THD – Thought Dysfunction
BXD – Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction
Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales
RCd-(dem) – Demoralization
RC1-(som) – Somatic Complaints
RC2-(lpe) – Low Positive Emotions
RC3-(cyn) – Cynicism
RC4-(asb) – Antisocial Behavior
RC6-(per) – Ideas of Persecution
RC7-(dne) – Dysfunctional Negative Emotions
RC8-(abx) – Aberrant Experiences
RC9-(hpm) – Hypomanic Activation
Somatic/Cognitive Scales
MLS – Malaise
GIC – Gastro-Intestinal Complaints
HPC – Head Pain Complaints
NUC – Neurological Complaints
COG – Cognitive Complaints
Internalizing Scales
SUI – Suicidal/Death Ideation
HLP – Helplessness/Hopelessness
SFD – Self-Doubt
NFC – Inefficacy
STW – Stress/Worry
AXY – Anxiety
ANP -Anger Proneness
BRF – Behavior-Restricting Fears
MSF – Multiple Specific Fears
Externalizing Scales
JCP – Juvenile Conduct Problems
SUB – Substance Abuse
AGG – Aggression
ACT – Activation
Interpersonal Scales
FML – Family Problems
IPP – Interpersonal Passivity
SAV – Social Avoidance
SHY – Shyness
DSF – Disaffiliativeness
Interest Scales
AES – Aesthetic-Literary Interests
MEC – Mechanical-Physical Interests
PSY-5 (Personality Psychopathology Five) Scales, Revised
AGGR-r – Aggressiveness-Revised
PSYC-r – Psychoticism-Revised
DISC-r – Disconstraint-Revised
NEGE-r – Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism, Revised
INTR-r – Introversion / Low Positive Emotionality, Revised
What is required to purchase, administer and score the MMPI® test materials?
A Level "C" qualification is required to purchase MMPI® materials from Pearson Assessments, please see the user qualifications.
Are all MMPI-2-RF scales copyrighted?
Yes.
Can I administer an “abbreviated” MMPI-2 test (first 370 items only) and get an MMPI-2-RF report?
No. The MMPI-2-RF is composed of items throughout the entire MMPI-2 test booklet.
Can the MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report serve as a complete and independent psychological report on a client?
No. As noted on each report, the statements contained in the narrative represent a professional-to-professional consultation and do not serve as an independent or "stand–alone" report. The following notice appears in the MMPI-2-RF reports: “The interpretive report is intended for use by a professional qualified to interpret the MMPI–2–RF. The information it contains should be considered in the context of the test–taker’s background, the circumstances of the assessment, and other available information.”
Could I use the MMPI-2-RF instrument in light of the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) and Civil Rights Act?
We cannot offer legal advice; we recommend that you seek the opinion of competent employment counsel to ensure that you obtain the most appropriate advice for your individual circumstances. The apparent impact of the ADA on the use of the MMPI-2-RF instrument relates to the timing of the administration. Because the MMPI-2-RF instrument appears to be classified as a medical examination under the ADA, it must be administered subsequent to a conditional offer of employment being tendered by an employer. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1991 ("CRA") it is inappropriate to use tests with either race or sex norms in the employment domain. The MMPI-2-RF norms are not based on race or sex.
Are there tables in the MMPI-2-RF manuals converting MMPI-2 item ordering to MMPI-2-RF item ordering and vice versa?
Yes, in Appendix E of the MMPI-2-RF Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation (2008).
Does the MMPI-2-RF have different norms from the MMPI-2?
The MMPI-2-RF normative sample is drawn from the MMPI-2 normative sample and consists of 2,276 men and women, 1,138 of each gender, between the ages of 18 and 80 from several regions and diverse communities in the U.S. The MMPI-2-RF T scores are non-gendered and non-K-corrected. No new norms were collected for the MMPI-2-RF.
Are there norms for different cultures for the MMPI-2-RF test?
American minorities are included in the normative sample. There are no separate cultural norms.
What is the FBS-r (Symptom Validity) Scale?
The FBS-r (Symptom Validity) Scale provides information regarding non-credible symptom reporting and has been found particularly useful in neuropsychological assessments. For more information about the FBS-r Scale, visit here.
Are the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in the MMPI-2-RF the same as the RC Scales in the MMPI-2?
Yes, they are identical. For more information about the RC Scales, visit here.
Are the MMPI-2-RF T scores K-corrected?
No. Recently published research indicates that the K correction does not enhance validity and in some cases validity is actually attenuated by the K correction. Non-K-corrected T scores allow interpreters to examine the relative contributions of the Clinical Scale raw score and the K correction to K-corrected Clinical Scale T scores. This information may be particularly helpful when the K score deviates substantially from the average T-score range (<39 or >65).
To see the complete list of MMPI-2-RF books, visit the Book Division (Psychology).
The University of Minnesota Press is pleased to offer instructors free, downloadable training slides to guide your teaching on Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF.
To download formatted PDF slide handouts, click on the links below:
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapters 6-8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Click here to download the complete slide deck.
To download the PowerPoint slides, click on the chapters:
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapters 6-8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Click here to download all handout materials in one file.
Click here to download a PDF of the MMPI-2-RF Worksheet referenced in the slides and in Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF.
MMPI-2-RF book-based exams are available for the following Press titles:
Psychologists may earn APA Continuing Education (CE) credits by reading the book and passing the exam. For more information, please click here.
Published MMPI-2-RF translations are available for purchase directly through the Press’ international publishing partners. Please click here to review the complete list of translations.
Winter/Spring 2024
It is the publisher’s intention to provide test users a current and comprehensive list of references to publications on the MMPI-2-RF. Therefore, the MMPI-2-RF Reference List is updated as new publications appear. Please note that publications on the RC Scales, introduced in 2003, relate to the MMPI-2 as well as to the MMPI-2-RF.
Related Books
Yossef S. Ben-Porath
Assessing Police and Other Public Safety Personnel Using the MMPI-2-RF
David M. Corey, Yossef S. Ben-Porath
Forensic Applications of the MMPI-2-RF
Martin Sellbom, Dustin Wygant
