Nellie Francis

Fighting for Racial Justice and Women’s Equality in Minnesota

2020
•
Author:

William D. Green

Nellie Francis

The life and work of an African American suffragist and activist devoted to equality and freedom


William D. Green retrieves Nellie Francis’s story from obscurity, giving this pioneer for gender and racial equality her due and providing a long-awaited service to the history of Black activism and civil rights, both regional and national. His book offers welcome insight into the universal, yet often unacknowledged, challenges that strong and engaged Black women are forced to endure when their drive to enact justice confronts racism, cultural pressure, and societal expectations.

At her last public appearance in 1962, at 88 years old, a frail, deaf, and blind Nellie Francis was honored for her church and community service in Nashville, Tennessee. No mention was made of her early groundbreaking work as an activist in Minnesota and nationally. Even today, while her advocacy for women’s suffrage and racial justice resonates through current issues, her efforts remain largely unrecognized. In telling Nellie Francis’s complete story for the first time, William D. Green finally brings the remarkable accomplishments of her complicated life into clear view, detailing her indefatigable work to advance the causes of civil rights, anti-lynching, and women’s suffrage.

Green’s account follows Francis’s path from her first public event (giving a speech on race relations to a white audience at her high school graduation) to her return to Nashville and retirement from the national stage. In the years between, she campaigned in Minnesota for racial dignity, women’s suffrage, an anti-lynching law (after the infamous lynching in Duluth in 1920), and interracial collaboration through the women’s club movement. She came to know most of the prominent civil rights leaders of the twentieth century and met three presidents and countless business leaders of both Black and white societies. But she also faced intense and vicious reprisals, as when, as leader of the local chapter of the NAACP, she and her husband, a prominent African American civil rights lawyer, experienced the fury of the Ku Klux Klan after moving into a white neighborhood in St. Paul.

Green retrieves Nellie Francis’s story from obscurity, giving this pioneer for gender and racial equality her due and providing a long-awaited service to the history of Black activism and civil rights, both regional and national. His book offers welcome insight into the universal, yet often unacknowledged, challenges that strong and engaged Black women are forced to endure when their drive to enact justice confronts racism, cultural pressure, and societal expectations.

Nellie Francis

William D. Green is professor of history at Augsburg University and author of A Peculiar Imbalance: The Rise and Fall of Racial Equality in Minnesota, 1865–1912, as well as Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865–1912 and The Children of Lincoln: White Paternalism and the Limits of Black Opportunity in Minnesota, 1860–1876, both of which received the Hognander Minnesota History Award. All of these books are published by University of Minnesota Press.


Nellie Francis

Contents


Prologue


Introduction


1. No Flowers


2. The Legacy


3. Mr. Griswold


4. Billy


5. A Bitter Taste Still Lingered


6. Sisterhood


7. Lady Principal


8. Divided Duty


9. Juno


10. From Wilberforce to the House on St. Anthony


11. Flickering


12. Flare-Up: An Insult to Hattie’s Memory


13. Mrs. Grey and the Sprit of Detroit


14. After Baltimore


15. A Glorious Performance in the Parlor


16. This Broad United Stand


17. Under the Shadow of the Bright North Star


18. Shun the Snares of Petty Discord


19. Hold On


Epilogue


Notes


Index


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Available in January 2021