Contents
INTRODUCTION 3
Part One. The Theory, page 11
Chapter I. REPRESSION AND DEFENSE 15
Repression as Amnesia, 16. "Defense" as a Synonym for "Repression," 17.
Other Defenses as Forms of Repression, 18: CONVERSION, 18; PROJECTION, 18;
SUBSTITUTION (DISPLACEMENT, TRANSPOSITION), 18; ISOLATION, 18. Dropping
of "Defense" from Freud's Usage, 19. "Repression" in 1915, 19. "Repression"
and "Defense" in 1926,21: REACTION-FORMATION, 23; REVERSAL, 23; UNDOING,
23; ISOLATION, 24. "Repression" and "Defense" after 1926, 25. The Insepa-
rability of Repression and Most Forms of Defense, 27. Summary, 29.
Chapter II. REPRESSIVE AND "NONREPRESSIVE" DEFENSES 31
Repressive Defenses, 31. "Nonrepressive" Defenses, 34. Summary, 36.
Chapter III. INHIBITORY DEFENSES 38
Emotional Inhibition, 39. Ego-Restriction or Behavioral Inhibition, 41. Sum-
mary, 42.
Chapter IV. RESISTANCE 43
Resistance and Repression, 43. Resistance as Behavior, 44. Resistance as a
Hypothetical Force, 45. Anticathexis, Resistance, and Repression, 46. Resist-
ance as Unconscious Process, 48. Variations in Resistance, 48. Types of Re-
sistance, 49: REPRESSION-RESISTANCE, 50; TRANSFERENCE-RESISTANCE, 55; RE-
SISTANCE FROM THE GAIN OF ILLNESS, 61; RESISTANCE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS
AND RESISTANCE FROM A SENSE OF GUILT, 63. Resistance Due to "Adhesiveness
of the Libido"? 67. Summary, 68.
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Chapter V. SUCCESSFUL DEFENSES 72
"Successful Repression" and "Successful Defense," 73. "Destruction in the Id,"
75. Sublimation, 77. Repudiation or Condemnation, 82. The Absorption of
Instincts, 83. Successful and Unsuccessful Defense in Normal Persons, 84.
Summary, 86.
Chapter VI. PRIMAL REPRESSION 89
The Seduction Theory, 90. Development of the Concept, 90. Anxiety, Trauma,
and Primal and Adult Repression, 95. Summary, 98.
Chapter VII. THE MOTIVES OF REPRESSION AND DEFENSE 101
Force and Counterforce in Freud's Early Theory, 101. Force and the Pregeni-
tal Sex Theory, 103. Force, Counterforce, and the Oedipus Complex, 105. Ego
Instincts versus Sex Instincts, 105. Instinct versus Anticathexis, 106: INSTINCT,
106; ANTICATHEXIS, 107. The Motive of Anxiety, 111: THE FIRST ANXIETY
THEORY, 111; THE 1926 CONCEPT OF ANXIETY, 111. The Motivation of Primal
Repression, 114. Repressible Motives, 119: ANXIETY AND REPRESSION, 120;
SEX AND REPRESSION, 121; HOSTILITY AND REPRESSION, 122. Summary, 125.
Chapter VIII. REMOTENESS AND REPRESSION 130
Defensive Misrepresentations as Remoteness, 130. Symptoms as Remote Ex-
pressions of Repressed Impulses, 131. Situational Remoteness, 131. Sum-
mary, 135.
Part Two. The Theoretical and Observational Language, page 137
Chapter IX. THE THEORETICAL LANGUAGE OF REPRES-
SION AND DEFENSE 142
Chapter X. THE OBSERVATIONAL LANGUAGE OF RE-
PRESSION AND DEFENSE 154
Resistance as an Indicator of Repression, 156; INDICATORS OF REPRESSION-
RESISTANCE, 156; INDICATORS OF TRANSFERENCE RESISTANCE, 159; RESISTANCE
DUE TO SECONDARY GAIN OF ILLNESS, 161; RESISTANCE FROM A SENSE OF GUILT,
161; RESISTANCE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS, 163. Repressive Defense as an Indi-
cator of Repression, 163. Affect Inhibition as an Indicator of Repression, 169.
Ego-Restriction as an Indicator of Repression, 171. Remoteness as an Indicator
of Repression, 172: SYMPTOMS, 172; SITUATIONAL REMOTENESS, 172. Ob-
servational Language and Primal Repression, 176: PRIMAL REPRESSION IN
INFANCY, 176; PRIMAL REPRESSION IN LATER CHILDHOOD, 177. Observational
Language and Successful Defense, 178.
89
Chapter XI. CONCLUSIONS 180
Research on Repression and Freud's Theory, 183. Measuring Repression, 188.
Measures of Repression as Estimates of Illness and Therapeutic Effects, 192.
Validating the Theory of Repression and Defense, 192.
REFERENCES TO FREUD'S WRITINGS 199
REFERENCES TO WORKS OF OTHER AUTHORS 201
INDEX 203