The Abyss Stares Back

"Deeply thoughtful, rigorously researched, and beautifully written, Stacy Alaimo’s dazzling study surfaces the productive and disorienting exchanges among emotions, aesthetics, and scientific analysis that shape defining accounts of deep-sea life. As environmentalists address anthropogenic threats such as deep-sea mining, overfishing, and climate change, The Abyss Stares Back inspires us to search out a politics of curiosity and care."—Margaret Cohen, author of The Underwater Eye: How the Movie Camera Opened the Depths and Unleashed New Realms of Fantasy

"The Abyss Stares Back is a vital contribution to the field of critical ocean studies and the environmental humanities. Interdisciplinary, complex, and multi-scalar, this book addresses some of our most timely and urgent questions about representing the depths and our very source of life."—Elizabeth M. DeLoughrey, author of Allegories of the Anthropocene

In an era of accelerating extinctions, what does it mean to discover thousands of new species in the deep sea?

As we see the catastrophic effects of the Anthropocene proliferate, advanced technologies also grant us greater access to the furthest reaches of the world’s oceans, facilitating the discovery of countless new species. Sorting through the implications of this strange paradox, Stacy Alaimo explores the influence this newfound intimacy with the deep sea might have on our broader relationship to the nonhuman world. While many images of these abyssal creatures circulate as shallow clickbait, aesthetic representations can be enticing lures for speculating about their lives, profoundly expanding our environmental concern.

The Abyss Stares Back analyzes a diverse range of scientific, literary, and artistic accounts of deep-sea exploration, including work from the naturalist William Beebe and the artist Else Bostelmann as well as results of the Census of Marine Life that began at the turn of the twenty-first century. As she focuses on oft-overlooked creatures of the deep, such as tubeworms, hatchetfish, siphonophores, and cephalopods, which are typically cast as “alien,” Alaimo shows how depictions of the deep seas have been enmeshed in long colonial histories and racist constructions of a threatening abyss.

Drawing on feminist environmentalism, posthumanism, science and technology studies, and Indigenous and non-Western perspectives, Alaimo details how our understanding of science is fundamentally altered by aesthetic encounters with these otherworldly life forms. She argues that, although the deep sea is often thought of as a lifeless void with little connection to human existence, our increasing devastation of this realm underscores our ethical obligation to protect the biodiverse life in the depths. When the abyss stares back, it demands recognition.

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Stacy Alaimo is professor of English and core faculty member in environmental studies at the University of Oregon. She is author of several books, including Bodily Natures: Science, Environment, and the Material Self and Exposed: Environmental Politics and Pleasures in Posthuman Times (Minnesota, 2016).

Contents

Preface

Introduction: Caring about the Abyss

1. Animating Surreal Creatures a Half Mile Down: William Beebe and Else Bostelmann

2. Packed Up in Tupperware and Russian Vodka: Deep-Sea Science Fiction and Nonfiction

3. Counting and Framing: The Census of Marine Life

4. Clickbait, Black Void, or Intimate Mediation? Abyssal Aesthetics after the Census

Epilogue. Who Cares? Calculating the Value of Abyssal Life

Acknowledgments

Notes

Bibliography

Index